Membrane glycoprotein and Fc receptor for IgM
Homologous to TCR gamma, Ig kappa
Membrane expression early during T ontogeny, before TCR rearrangement, persists until terminal stages of T cell development
Lower expression in memory T cells vs. naive T cells
Negative expression: B cell ALL, Sezary syndrome, adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma
Micro images: extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type
Aka OKT8, T cell suppressor/cytotoxic cells
On chromosome #2
MHC class I restricted receptor; binds to nonpolymorphic region of class I molecules; may increase avidity of cell-cell interactions
Associated with lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of lung (AJSP 2002;26:715)
Positive staining (normal): T cells (25-35% of mature peripheral T cells, most cytotoxic T cells, CD4/CD8+ thymocytes); NK cells (30%-which are also CD3 negative); cortical thymocytes (70-80%), epidermotrophic lymphocytes in mycosis fungoides (AJSP 2002;26:450)
Micro images: lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of cervix-figure 3, acute demyelinating disease
Micro images (Mod Path subscribers): nodal cytotoxic T cell lymphoma
Reference: Mod Path 2002;15:1131
May mediate platelet activation and aggregation
Antibodies are used to purge bone marrow prior to peripheral stem cell bone marrow transplant
Viral co-receptor
Positive staining (normal): pre B cells, B cell subset, T cells, macrophages, platelets, eosinophils, basophils, megakaryocytes, endothelial cells, brain, peripheral nerve, vascular smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, epithelia
Aka Common Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Antigen (CALLA), neutral endopeptidase 24.11, neprilysin, enkephalinase
Cell membrane metallopeptidase, characteristic marker of follicular center cells and follicular lymphoma, but also widely distributed in normal tissue and neoplasms; also localized to brush border in small bowel mucosa
Inactivates bioactive peptides
Uses:
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia: one of first markers to identify leukemic cells in children (hence its name)
Breast: marker of myoepithelial cells, Mod Path 2002;15:397
Burkitt lymphoma: confirm diagnosis
Colonic carcinogenesis: increase in stromal cells from mild to severe dysplasia to invasive carcinoma, Hum Path 2002;33:806-811
Endometriosis: helpful in identifying areas of endometriosis if sparse glandular tissue
Follicular lymphoma: to confirm diagnosis
Hepatocellular carcinoma vs. nonhepatocellular carcinomas: 68% sensitive and >95% specific with canalicular pattern, AJSP 2001;25:1297, AJSP 2002;26:978, although another study recommends Hepatocyte, MOC31, and pCEA but not CD10, Mod Path 2002;15:1279
Microvillous inclusion disease: strong CD10+ cylasmic staining vs. linear brush border staining in normals, AJSP 2002;26:902
Positive staining (normal): adrenal cortex, pre-B cells, brain, choroid plexus, cortical thymocytes, endometrial stroma, follicular center cells, granulocytes, kidney microvilli, liver, lymphohemaoietic precursors, male GU epithelium, mesonephric remnants, myoepithelial cells (breast), neutrophils, ovary, placenta (cytotrophoblast, intermediate trophoblast, syncytiotrophoblast), small intestine (linear brush border staining)
Positive staining (disease): adenomyosis of endometrium, preB ALL (75%), CML in blast crisis (90%), colonic carcinoma, dermatofibroma, dermatofibrosarcoma, endometrial adenocarcinoma (may be present in desmoplastic stroma), endometrial stromal tumors, follicular center cell lymphomas, gastric carcinoma, glioma, hepatocellular carcinoma (canalicular pattern similar to polyclonal CEA), malignant mixed mullerian tumors, mediastinal germ cell tumors, melanomas, mesonephric tumors, microvillous inclusion disease (strong cylasmic staining), mullerian adenosarcoma, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, pancreatic solid-pseudopapillary tumor, placental site trophoblastic tumor, primary mediastinal B cell lymphomas (some), prostate carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, renal cell sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma and other sarcomas, schwannoma, tumor of wolffian origin of broad ligament and ovary, urothelial carcinoma, uterine carcinoma, uterine cellular leiomyomas (50%), uterine leiomyosarcomas and other uterine sarcomas
Negative staining: myeloid and erythroid precursors, other female genital tract tumors (including clear cell carcinomas)
Micro images: follicular center cells (figure 1), intranodal heteroic mammary ducts (figure 1C),
Micro images (AJSP subscribers): endometrial stromal tumor #1 (negative), #2, hepatocellular carcinoma#1, #2, mesonephric carcinoma of uterus, mesonephric derivatives in men, microvillous inclusion disease#1, #2 (controls), vulvar, vaginal and cervical lesions, uterus and trophoblast, fallopian tube and ovary
Micro images (Hum Path subscribers): canalicular pattern in hepatocellular carcinoma (figure C), gastric carcinoma at apical border (figure B), colonic adenoma, colonic carcinoma#1, #2
Micro images (Mod Path subscribers): canalicular pattern in hepatocellular carcinoma (figure B), malignant mixed mullerian tumor#1, #2, #3, breast myoepithelium, breast adenosis, breast DCIS, invasive ductal carcinoma of breast, diffuse large B cell lymphoma, adenomyosis
References: AJSP 2002;26:978, AJSP 2001;25:1540, AJSP 2002;26:902, AJSP 2003;27:178, Mod Path 2002;15:1279, Mod Path 2002;15:923, Mod Path 2002;15:397, Mod Path 2002;15:413, Mod Path 2002;16:22
CD11a, b and c all have same beta chain (CD18)
Members of integrin receptor family; heterodimers of noncovalently associated alpha and beta subunits
Aka alpha L; LFA-1 (in complex with CD18)
An alpha integrin chain that binds to CD18 and mediates leukocyte adhesion and lymphocyte recirculation through lymph nodes
With CD18, binds to ICAM-1 (CD54, leukocyte adhesion molecule) and ICAM-2 (CD102)
Facilitates lymphocyte blastogenesis, cellular cytotoxicity, lymphocyte-endothelial cell adhesion, and binding to unopsonized bacteria (E. coli) and fungi (Hislasma capsulatum)
Note: patients with leukocyte adhesion deficiency (mutations in CD18) have often fatal immunodeficiency early in life
Marker of differentiation in acute promyelocytic leukemia
Positive staining (normal): all leukocytes
Negative staining: platelets
Aka CR3, iC3b receptor
Mediates phagocytosis of particles opsonized with iC3b
Facilitates neutrophil aggregation, adhesion to substrates by opsonization, chemotaxis
Ligands include fibrinogen, Factor X, ICAM-1, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Hislasma capsulatum,
Note: C3 is common to classical and alternate complement pathway, and serves as an amplification step
C3b (activated C3) can amplify by cleaving more C3 via the alternate complement pathway
Positive staining (normal): follicular dendritic cells, granulocytes, macrophages, myeloid cells beginning with promyelocytes, NK cells, some B/T cells
Positive staining (disease): AML-M1-M3 (35-70%), M4-M5 (80-90%); hairy cell leukemia (virtually all)
Aka CR4, iC3b receptor
Clears opsonized particles and immune complexes; also binds to fibrinogen and is involved in adhesion of monocytes and neutrophils to endothelium
Member of beta 2 family of integrin receptors
Prognostic value: associated with good prognosis in B-CLL
Positive staining (normal): 50% of activated CD4/CD8+ T cells; granulocytes, lymphocytes, macrophages, NK cells
Positive staining (disease): AML-M4-M5 (50%); hairy cell leukemia (virtually all), B-CL