近年來的臨床研究結果不斷刷新并證實CTC計數在腫瘤患者的輔助診斷、預后評估、療效評估及復發/轉移風險評估的應用價值。2018年權威學術雜志《Journal of Clinical Oncology》上發表的由美國多中心聯合開展的研究結果,入組6081名轉移性去勢抵抗性前列腺癌(mCRPC)患者,以基線和治療后13周后CTC計數和PSA水平的一系列變化作為療效評價指標,結果表明CTC0(基線CTC≥1,13周后CTC=0)和CTC conversion(基線CTC≥5,13周后CTC≤4)這兩個指標可用于評估mCRPC患者療效及預測預后。但是,CTC的應用價值不止于此,基于CTC的下游分析具有更廣泛的前景,如在DNA、RNA、蛋白質水平進行更全面、更深入的分析,為個性化用藥及藥物研發提供指導意義。來自哈佛醫學院的Miyamoto等使用微流控芯片CTC富集技術從前列腺癌男性的血樣本中單獨分離CTC細胞并進行單細胞RNA測序分析,尋找病人內和病人間的異質性,及它們與初期腫瘤樣本的不同之處,揭示了前列腺癌的耐藥機制。Yu等從雌激素受體陽性(ER+)的乳腺癌患者血液中,分離CTC,并通過體外培養建立了細胞系。研究發現CTC與原發腫瘤細胞具有相同的組織學和免疫組化特性;CTCs細胞系基因測序結果顯示CTCs與實體腫瘤保持著一致的遺傳特性,但又擁有一些新的遺傳突變,CTCs存在PIK3CA基因突變和新獲得的突變基因ESR1和FGFR2;進一步對具有多個突變的CTC細胞系進行藥物敏感性實驗發現CTCs對紫杉醇和卡培他濱敏感,對氟維司群、阿霉素和奧拉帕尼耐藥;動物實驗研究發現5株CTCs細胞系中有3株在小鼠上具有致瘤性。以上結果表明CTC體外培養,為藥物篩選提供有效方式。
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