Nutrient sensing in the gut: new roads to therapeutics?
Sara Janssen, Inge Depoortere
The release of gut hormones involved in the control of food intake
is dependent on the acute nutritional status of the body, suggesting
that chemosensory mechanisms are involved in the control of their
release. G protein-coupled taste receptors similar to those in the
lingual system, that respond to sweet, bitter, umami, and fatty acids,
are expressed in endocrine cells within the gut mucosa, and coordinate,
together with other chemosensory signaling elements, the release of
hormones that regulate energy and glucose homeostasis. In health, these
nutrient sensors are likely to function as inhibitors to excessive
nutrient exposure, and their malfunction may be responsible for a
variety of metabolic dysfunctions associated with obesity; they may thus
be considered as new therapeutic targets.