ACE2在心肌細胞、心肌成纖維細胞和冠狀動脈內皮細胞中廣泛表達。RAS系統調節體液、血壓平衡并維持血管張力,而ACE2是RAS系統中重要的調節蛋白,RAS過度激活(血管收縮增加)或者耗盡(血管舒張減少)會導致血管功能障礙,血管功能障礙是動脈粥樣硬化和心血管疾病(CVD)的主要原因。修復血管功能障礙和其他病理變化的一種方法是通過平衡Ang
II的作用來增加ACE2的活性。Craceower等人解釋了ACE2在心臟功能中的重要性,他們發現ACE2基因敲除小鼠有嚴重的心臟功能障礙,ACE2可能具有重塑和調節心臟功能的潛力。研究者發現,ACE2的局部過表達顯著抑制了早期動脈粥樣硬化的發展,而ACE2的抗動脈粥樣硬化作用與血管平滑肌細胞的增殖、遷移、抑制以及改善內皮功能相關。進一步研究證實,患有左心室收縮功能障礙的患者血漿中ACE2活性增加,左心室收縮功能障礙是冠心病、猝死、心力衰竭和中風的重要危險因素。同時,Uri等人驗證了血清中ACE2的活性與心力衰竭惡化之間的相關性。特別注意了由高血壓向心力衰竭的發展過程中,血清中ACE2活性降低是心臟收縮功能異常的選擇性生物標志。Vaibhav
B.
Patel等的研究證實了ACE/Ang1-7軸在激活RAS系統上至關重要的反調節作用,ACE2的缺失會增強對心力衰竭的敏感性,但增加ACE2的水平可以預防和逆轉心力衰竭的表型。ACE2和Ang1-7已成為抵抗心力衰竭的主要保護途徑。這些證據都證明,ACE2在心血管的研究中扮演著非常重要的角色。
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