近日,來自美國麻省綜合醫院的Thorsten R. Mempel和Francesco Marangoni團隊在Cell雜志上合作發表了一篇題為 Expansion of tumor-associated Treg cells upon disruption of a CTLA-4-dependent feedback loop 的文章,在這項研究中,作者通過多光子活體顯微鏡(MP-IVM)和T細胞激活核因子(Nuclear Factors of activated T cells, NFAT)熒光報告系統來直接觀察Treg細胞在TME中如何接收TCR信號。研究證明,Treg細胞通過CTLA-4和CD28依賴的反饋環自我調節,調節其群體大小以適應局部共刺激的程度,這種Treg軸的破壞對于阻斷腫瘤耐受和增強CTLA-4阻斷的效果至關重要。
Treg細胞利用CTLA-4作為小鼠和人類免疫抑制的核心機制,因此,在CTLA-4抗體阻斷后,Treg細胞可能已經失去了限制抗腫瘤免疫反應的能力,那么在這種情況下,它們的增殖也變得無關緊要。然而,Treg細胞控制著多種替代抑制機制【2】,這些替代的免疫抑制功能是否限制了CTLA-4阻斷劑的治療性抗腫瘤療效呢?為此,作者通過三苯氧胺處理Foxp3creERT2 x CnBf/f MC38荷瘤小鼠,通過敲除CnB來阻止Treg細胞活化。先前報道指出,使用CTLA-4抗體4F10會引起MC38腫瘤進展輕微延遲,而此實驗4F10和Treg細胞失活聯合會導致超過三分之一的動物中MC38腫瘤消失。也就是說,盡管Treg細胞利用CTLA-4抑制抗腫瘤免疫,但在CTLA-4阻斷后,Treg細胞部署了替代的抑制機制來繼續阻礙腫瘤的清除。
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