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銅是所有生物體必需的微量營養素,用于各種生理生化過程。這個重金屬是多種酶過程中的輔助因子,但在高濃度下會產生潛在毒性。在受人為影響的工業、農業和港口等活動地區,銅可高達200mg
Cu
L-1。在甲殼類動物中,銅是氧氣輸送中呼吸色素血藍蛋白的天然成分,也在蛻皮周期和金屬硫蛋白合成中發揮作用。在水生物種中,鰓的氣體交換功能受到嚴重影響,導致血淋巴氧氣分壓明顯減少。一般來說,隨著溫度升高金屬毒性和氧氣消耗率增加,所有的新陳代謝過程都會受到溫度升高的刺激,導致氧化應激。
4. Bacigalupe L
D , Gaitan-Espitia J D , Barria A M , et al. Natural selection on
plasticity of thermal traits in a highly seasonal environment[J].
Evolutionary Applications, 2018, 11.