利用免疫檢查點抑制劑來增強 NK
細胞的殺傷能力并應用于治療也是目前研究的方向之一。某些激活的NK細胞表達PD-1,且 PD-1 信號介導抑制 NK
細胞發揮細胞毒作用。實驗證實PD-1單抗(CT-011)增強 NK 細胞對多發性骨髓瘤患者自體骨髓瘤細胞的殺傷能力[6];NK細胞與MHC-I類分子與作用抑制NK細胞介導的細胞毒性,抑制性KIR已成為NK細胞免疫檢查點抑制劑的首選靶標。NK細胞表面KIR類的抑制性受體(KIR2DL1,
KIR2DL2 和KIR2DL3)可與MHC-I類分子結合,抑制NK細胞活化,IPH2101
是一種人源化抗KIR單克隆抗體,體外實驗結果證實,IPH2101 通過阻斷人源 NK 細胞表面 KIR,可顯著增強 NK 細胞抗腫瘤能力。
NK 細胞已不再僅僅局限于固有免疫范疇,而是在免疫調控網絡中扮演著非常重要的角色,隨著對NK細胞的分子特征和功能的進一步探索,開發以NK細胞為基礎的靶向免疫治療將成為腫瘤免疫治療的新突破。
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