用懸滴法(Pendant Drop method)來測量液體的表面和界面張力已有很長的歷史。早在 19世紀末(1882),Bashforth和Adams就在Young-Laplace公式的 基礎上,推導出了描述一個處于靜力(界面張力對重力)平衡時的懸滴輪廓的方程式(Eq. of Bashforth and Adams)[1]:1) 懸滴法示意圖上式中(參見圖1),b為懸滴底端(apex)的曲率半徑,R為懸滴輪廓上一點p(x, z)在紙平面上的主曲率半徑(principle radius of curvature),φ為輪廓線上p(x, z)點處的切線與x軸的夾角。β是體系的Bond number,在這里往往被稱為液滴的形狀因子(shape parameter),因為它的值直接決定了液滴的形狀(注意:是指形狀,不涉及其大小):Δρ為液滴相與周圍相之間的密度差; g為重力加速度;γ為表面/界面張力; α為體系的毛細管常數(capillary constant)。
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